Shortening and simplifying EU anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations with a view to practices favourable for SMEs

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31 Jul 2025

Trade & Macro

External Publications

Jan Hagemejer

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Jan Hagemejer

President of CASE Management Board
Jan Hagemejer’s areas of expertise are international trade as well as macroeconomic and structural issues. He graduated from University of Warsaw where he also obtained his PhD and habilitation, as well as from Purdue University (MA in Economics). He works as an associate professor at the Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw. Prior to … <a href="https://case-research.eu/publications/shortening-and-simplifying-eu-anti-dumping-and-anti-subsidy-investigations-with-a-view-to-practices-favourable-for-smes/">Continued</a>

Articles from this author:
- VAT gap in Europe. Edition 2025
  The report provides an updated analysis of the VAT compliance gap and the VAT policy gap across EU Member States, as well as selected EU candidate and potential candidate countries, covering trends over the period 2019-2023 and, for the first time, including selected EU candidate and potential candidate countries. It examines the discrepancy between the theoretical VAT Total Tax Liability (VTTL) and actual VAT revenues, offering insights into inefficiencies in tax compliance and revenue losses driven by policy choices.
- Future outlook of EU-Moldova trade and investment relations
  This study explores the evolution and prospects of economic relations between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova.
- An update on the economic, sustainability and regulatory effects of the trade part of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement
Author’s articles

The study examines the effectiveness of the EU’s trade defence instruments (TDI), including anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures designed to counter unfair foreign trade practices while adhering to WTO rules. These instruments aim to protect EU industries from market distortions such as dumping and state subsidies, and the EU framework exceeds WTO standards by distinct features like the ‘lesser duty rule’ and the ‘Union interest test’ to balance protection with broader economic interests.

Following the 2018 modernisation, the TDI system became more transparent and faster, with increased support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Nevertheless, SMEs still face challenges due to the complexity of investigations and insufficient resources. While tools like the SME Helpdesk and tailored guides exist, the study highlights the need for more practical, case-specific support and for preventing the misuse of the SME label by larger firms.

Empirical evidence suggests that TDI have helped protect approximately 500,000 jobs in key sectors such as steel, ceramics, renewable energy, and chemicals. However, they may also lead to increased prices, reduced competition, and limited efficiency. In many cases, targeted imports are replaced by goods from third countries, shifting rather than reducing market pressure. The study recommends faster timelines, extended safeguard measures, and the integration of environmental and social dumping criteria. It also draws on international practices – such as New Zealand’s public interest tests, Canada’s cost assessments, and the United States’ expedited procedures – as models to improve EU TDI.

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Shortening and simplifying EU anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations with a view to practices favourable for SMEs

Jan Hagemejer

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Shortening and simplifying EU anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations with a view to practices favourable for SMEs

Jan Hagemejer

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