Fact or Fiction? Critical thinking and digital resilience among young people, parents and teachers in Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania

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28 Nov 2025

Labour, Migration and Social Policies

Martyna Gliniecka

Zuzanna Stańska

Hilary Kalisiak

Martyna Gliniecka

Senior Social Sciences Researcher
Dr Martyna Gliniecka is a Senior Social Sciences Researcher at the CASE - Center for Social and Economic Research. At CASE, she specialises in social research and policy projects, with a focus on qualitative research, participatory methods, and equality, diversity and inclusion. She previously led and participated in research projects in the Young and Resilient Research Centre at Western Sydney University, aiming to better young people’s lives and their resilience in the domains of technology and health. She specialises in qualitative research methods, participatory methodologies, and digital research (e.g., digital ethnography). She is especially interested in online communities and their role in the growing domain of youth digital health.

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Zuzanna Stańska

Specialist in Social Sciences
Zuzanna Stańska is a Social Sciences Specialist at CASE - Center for Social and Economic Research, where she conducts qualitative research on adult and youth education, lifelong learning, migration, and social policy. Her work explores how individuals and communities adapt to social and technological change, with a particular focus on educational equity, digital transformation, and the inclusion of groups at risk of marginalisation.

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Hilary Kalisiak

Communications specialist
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In an era defined by constant information flow, young people engage daily with digital environments that significantly shape their perceptions and decision-making. Despite the educational potential of technology, it also introduces risks including misinformation, polarisation, and reduced attention. Developing critical thinking, intelligent disobedience, and digital resilience has therefore become essential for their well-being and democratic engagement.

Research indicates that many adolescents struggle to distinguish reliable from false content, and some see online safety as someone else’s responsibility. At the same time, youth perspectives are often missing in traditional research approaches.

The Fact or Fiction report addresses these gaps. It summarises insights from consultations with 95 young people and 30 parents and teachers across Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. It explores how adolescents use the Internet, which risks they identify, how they assess their critical thinking skills, and what support they need.

Using youth-friendly, mixed methodologies, the study led to actionable recommendations for parents, educators, digital platforms, and policymakers. It also provided the foundation for 20 workshop activities designed to strengthen young people’s critical thinking and digital resilience.

This Report has been created as part of the project called Fact or Fiction: Developing Inquiry and Critical Thinking Skills in Youth, co-funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union.

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Fact or Fiction? Critical thinking and digital resilience among young people, parents and teachers in Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania

Authors

Martyna Gliniecka

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Zuzanna Stańska

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Hilary Kalisiak

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Fact or Fiction? Critical thinking and digital resilience among young people, parents and teachers in Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania

Authors

Martyna Gliniecka

Articles from this author:

Zuzanna Stańska

Articles from this author:

Hilary Kalisiak

Articles from this author:

Related publications

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