The publication provides an in-depth analysis of Armenia’s political, economic, and structural vulnerabilities, emphasizing the nation’s reliance on Russia. Authored by Haykaz Fanyan, Armine Petrosyan, and Meline Abrahamyan under the CASE Reports series, the study outlines Armenia’s economic challenges and explores strategic opportunities to bolster resilience against shocks. The report focuses on: Geopolitical Context: Armenia’s strategic pivot to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) increased its economic ties with Russia, impacting trade and energy dependencies. Recent geopolitical tensions, including conflicts with Azerbaijan and the Russo-Ukrainian war, shaped Armenia’s political and economic landscape. Macroeconomic Trends: While Armenia achieved notable GDP growth, especially in 2022 due to increased exports to Russia, the report cautions against overreliance on volatile external factors. The authors identify rising public debt, fluctuating inflation, and an evolving fiscal landscape. Sectoral Analysis: Banking and Financial Sector: Post-COVID, Armenia’s banking sector saw growth, buoyed by Russian inflows. However, risks from external shocks remain. Energy Sector: The study details Armenia’s renewable energy potential while highlighting dependence on imported fossil fuels. Policy Recommendations: The report concludes with actionable strategies to diversify Armenia’s economic partnerships, reduce energy dependency, and enhance trade resilience. It underscores the importance of improving infrastructure and fostering regional cooperation. The report is a crucial resource for policymakers, academics, and investors, offering comprehensive data from 2007 to 2023 to inform Armenia’s path toward sustainable development.

The “Future for All” Handbook is an insightful guide for designing and facilitating Futures Literacy Laboratories (FLLs), an innovative method to empower people to envision alternative futures and challenge their assumptions about the present. This publication, part of the “FUTURE FOR ALL” project, bridges generational gaps by engaging youth and seniors in interactive workshops aimed at fostering collaboration and fresh perspectives on societal challenges. Key highlights include: Introduction to Futures Literacy: Defined as the ability to imagine diverse futures to broaden thinking about the present, it is framed as a critical tool for navigating modern uncertainties and opportunities. Workshop Structure: The FLL approach unfolds in four phases: Reveal participants’ current assumptions about the future. Reframe these assumptions using imaginative scenarios. Reflect on new insights gained. Act by turning ideas into actionable plans. Practical Guidance: The handbook provides step-by-step instructions for workshop facilitators, from planning topics and logistics to utilizing exercises like the Polak Game and crafting custom reframing scenarios. Reframing Scenarios: Five imaginative narratives challenge participants’ thinking, such as: “Super Organisers”: Communities self-managing resources post-state service collapse. “Park City”: Transforming urban landscapes into collective green spaces. “New Art of Communication”: A cultural shift towards diverse interpersonal styles. Cross-Generational Focus: Tailored approaches are designed to resonate with youth, seniors, or mixed groups, such as envisioning “My Life in 2050” or “An Aging-Friendly Warsaw.” Outcomes and Impact: Participants emerge equipped to challenge assumptions, creatively engage with the future, and identify actionable steps to shape society. Supported by UNESCO and EU innovation frameworks, this handbook is a versatile resource for educators, policymakers, and community leaders aiming to harness the power of foresight for social progress. Its methodologies not only spark dialogue but also cultivate agency and resilience in addressing future uncertainties.

The publication is an educator’s guidebook designed to inspire and support discussions between youth and elderly participants about shaping the future of urban environments. Created as part of the “Future for All” project by CASE (Center for Social and Economic Research), this guidebook uses Warsaw as a case study but provides adaptable insights for cities globally. It is funded by the European Economic Area and Norwegian Financial Mechanism (2014–2021). The guidebook delves into critical themes, including: Demography: Addressing the implications of an ageing population, declining birth rates, and migration patterns for urban planning and social cohesion. Migration: Exploring the integration of diverse populations and fostering intercultural and intergenerational understanding. Climate Change: Highlighting urban sustainability through public initiatives like green spaces and waste reduction. Digitalisation: Emphasizing smart city development while bridging the generational digital divide. Central to its approach are intergenerational activities that foster collaboration and mutual understanding, with a focus on scenario planning, problem-solving, and community engagement. This resource equips educators with tools to promote critical thinking and inclusivity, encouraging young and older citizens alike to actively shape resilient and sustainable urban communities.

The document continues research from 2018 and 2020, focusing on the role of the tobacco sector in the Polish economy. The report discusses, among other things, the structure of the industry, its impact on the labor market, contribution to GDP, investments, as well as challenges and future development prospects. It also includes a detailed analysis of the market for innovative products and the taxation of tobacco products, comparing the Polish system with other EU countries. Key conclusions of the report include: In 2023, Poland produced 214.8 billion cigarettes, an increase of 42% compared to 2013, and the total production of tobacco products rose by 70%. Poland is the largest producer of tobacco products in the European Union, with a 39% share of the EU market. In 2023, the market value of traditional tobacco products was 42.9 billion złotys, with cigarettes accounting for the largest share (40.2 billion zł). Tobacco product exports make up 85% of production, and Poland is the main supplier of cigarettes to Germany, Spain, and Italy. Changes in the market for innovative products led to more than an eightfold increase in their sales from 2019 to 2023, reaching an 11.5% market share in 2023. Changes in the taxation structure of tobacco products, such as planned excise tax increases between 2025 and 2027, may affect demand and government revenue. The report also highlights the growing impact of excise and VAT taxes on the state budget and the positive effects of stable excise policies, as seen in Germany and Romania. However, changes in EU legislation and the phenomenon of the grey market remain challenges. In the long term, maintaining investments and promoting innovation could bring further economic benefits to Poland, while increased tax burdens may hinder sector growth.

The Belarus Business Barometer (August 2024) report provides an analysis of the entrepreneurial activities of Belarusians in the EU, focusing on businesses with Belarusian shareholders and self-employed individuals. Key findings include: Migration and Business Relocation: Since 2020, political instability in Belarus, compounded by sanctions following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, has driven a wave of business and individual migration. Over 9,200 businesses with Belarusian shareholders are registered in the EU, with 77% located in Poland. Many firms relocated to avoid repression and economic challenges. Employment and Economic Impact: Belarusian businesses have created at least 20,100 jobs in the EU, primarily in Poland and Lithuania. The IT sector and small enterprises dominate these contributions. Challenges: High taxes, limited access to finance, and reduced external demand are significant obstacles for Belarusian entrepreneurs in the EU. Other barriers include slow bureaucratic processes and cultural integration difficulties. Entrepreneurial Activity: Around 18% of Belarusian immigrants in the EU are active entrepreneurs, and an additional 29% exhibit entrepreneurial potential. The total number of self-employed Belarusians in the EU is estimated at 30,000, particularly in IT. Sectoral Success: The ICT and electronic manufacturing sectors are prominent among Belarusian firms in the Baltic region, contributing significantly to local economies with substantial revenues and tax payments. The report underscores the resilience and adaptability of Belarusian entrepreneurs, who have established themselves as vital contributors to host economies amidst adversity.

The study commissioned by the European Economic and Social Committee, examines strategies to address the pressing challenges of housing affordability and sustainability across the EU. It focuses on two key areas: the role of digitalization in the housing sector and the contribution of social economy initiatives. Key findings include: Digitalization’s Role: The study highlights how tools like Building Information Modelling (BIM) and AI can streamline planning, improve energy efficiency, and enhance building management. Case studies from Denmark, France, and the Netherlands illustrate successful digital solutions. Social Economy Contributions: Localized, community-oriented housing solutions, like cooperatives and social rental agencies, demonstrate the value of non-profit initiatives in creating affordable, resilient, and sustainable living environments. Examples include projects in Austria, Poland, and Spain. Policy Recommendations: Medium-term goals (by 2030) include harmonizing EU-wide housing policies and integrating digital platforms. Long-term strategies (by 2050) emphasize developing inclusive housing models and leveraging digital innovations. The study concludes that addressing housing issues requires a holistic approach, combining economic, environmental, and social strategies while fostering cooperation among local, national, and EU stakeholders.

The publication examines financing options for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) owned by Belarusians in the European Union through crowdfunding platforms. The paper notes that Belarusian entrepreneurs in Europe face restricted access to traditional bank loans, mainly due to a lack of collateral, sanctions, and short credit histories. For these businesses, crowdfunding platforms are emerging as an alternative way to raise capital from a broad base of investors. The authors discuss both the advantages (access to capital, lower financing costs, increased business visibility) and challenges (low investment liquidity, costs of crowdfunding campaigns) associated with this method of financing. The report also provides recommendations, such as launching information campaigns for Belarusian entrepreneurs in the EU and building their financial literacy, which could help them make better use of crowdfunding investment opportunities.

The report examines the potential impacts of EU enlargement, focusing on Ukraine, Moldova, and the Western Balkans. It highlights the benefits of a larger internal market, increased geopolitical influence, and improved food and energy security, while also addressing the financial and policy challenges, especially in agriculture and regional development. Enlargement would require major adjustments to the Common Agricultural Policy and Cohesion Policy, with Ukraine’s vast agricultural sector putting particular pressure on EU funds. Financial estimates suggest significant budget needs, leading the report to outline three scenarios: no new members until 2041, a single large expansion, or a phased approach over multiple budget cycles. The report underscores the critical role of local and regional authorities (LRAs) in managing these changes, recommending support and shared strategies to ensure a balanced, sustainable approach to EU growth.