Strategies for the Evaluation and Assessment of Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (SEAO2-CDR)

Project

6 Jun 2023 - ongoing

Sustainable policies

Karolina Zubel

Jan Bazyli Klakla

Date:

6 Jun 2023 - ongoing
Client:
Project duration:

06.06.2023 - ongoing
Coordinator:

(Netherlands)

Karolina Zubel

Environment, Energy and Climate Change Director
Projects from this author:
Author’s projects
Jan Bazyli Klakla

Director of Migration, Social Policy, and Development Cooperation
Dr Jan Bazyli Klakla is Director of Migration, Social Policy, and Development Cooperation at CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research. He oversees a broad portfolio of projects in these areas, including work on socio-legal studies and on higher education and science policy. Dr. Klakla has been involved in and has led numerous national and European research projects, including those funded by Horizon Europe, Norway Grants, and Polish National Science Center. His work also includes providing consulting and expert services to key European institutions such as the Committee of the Regions, the European Economic and Social Committee, and CEDEFOP (European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training). He has served as an expert in the “Safe Krakow - Security Strategy for Krakow” program. Dr. Klakla is the editor of Law and Culture. Reconceptualization and Case Studies (Springer Nature, 2021) and the author of Law and Acculturation. Conceptualisation and Empirical Case Study: Slavic Migrants in Poland (Palgrave Macmillan, 2024) and Studying in Times of Crisis. Acculturation and Adaptation of Ukrainian Students at Kraków Higher Education Institutions amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic and Russia's Aggression against Ukraine (Brill, 2025). In recognition of his scholarly contributions, he was awarded first prize in the competition of the Association of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (IVR) – Polish Section for the best doctoral dissertation in the theory and philosophy of law. His research interests span migration, sociology of law, educational research, public policy analysis, customary law, and the methodology of social sciences.

Projects from this author:
- National conflicts and international cooperation: Migration policy and security in Polish-German relations
- Barriers faced by migrant workers coming to Poland from other EU countries
- Wealth taxation, including net-wealth, capital and exit taxes
  The study aims to provide further information regarding the uptake and economic consequences of introducing wealth-related taxes. The purpose of the study is to shed further light firstly into recurrent wealth related taxes by (i) reviewing the conditions for the implementation of a net wealth tax and its consequences, to provide a detailed literature review on recurrent capital taxes in the EU and analyse their economic consequences; and secondly (ii) to provide an overview of existing non-recurrent wealth related taxes, namely, by providing an overview of capital taxes, inheritance and gift taxes and the existing exit tax provisions in the field of personal income taxation (including relevant statutory references), and how these interrelate with and complement the legal framework of taxing net wealth and capital gains. The study builds on previous research work mapping wealth taxes and estimating the consequences of their introduction. It is structured along two parts comprised of two and three workstreams respectively, related to the topics outlined above. Part 1 – Recurrent taxation, Workstream 1 – Net wealth taxes Part 1 – Recurrent taxation, Workstream 2 – Capital taxes Part 2 – Non-recurrent taxation, Workstream 3 – Capital taxes Part 2 – Non-recurrent taxation, Workstream 4 – Inheritance and gift taxes Part 2 – Non-recurrent taxation, Workstream 5 – Exit taxes
Author’s projects

Strategies for the Evaluation and Assessment of Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (SEAO2-CDR) is a new European project directed at deepening our knowledge of Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (OCDR) solutions, their efficacy, benefits and consequences. Led by the British National Oceanography Centre and coordinated by Uniresearch, the project employs thirteen European organisations who will provide scientific, economic, legal, political, social, and ethical expertise on this subject.

Carbon dioxide is one of the major contributors to global warming, a process that is yet to be inhibited. Already now we are approaching the 1.5C limit set by the Paris climate agreement, which may be reached as soon as 2027. Consequently, there is a need for methods that would slow down and counteract the climate change. One of the possible solutions is Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) which consists of removing CO₂from the atmosphere and upper ocean and storing it in marine, geological or ground reserves. A 2019 IPCC special report stated that achieving the Paris temperature target would require the removal of 1000 billion tonnes of CO₂ by 2100. This poses questions as to this technique’s reliability, as its results so far do not meet the set goal and its implementation is influenced by cost, legal frameworks and the availability of appropriate monitoring and accounting techniques. Nevertheless, CDR remains a key element in the IPCC’s climate projections.

One of the considered methods is Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (OCDR), a technique already implemented by businesses around the world in various forms, including increasing the amount of CO₂ that can be absorbed into seawater by countering the effects of ocean acidification, increasing the productivity of algae that consume CO₂ during photosynthesis, and sinking seaweed into the deep ocean where the carbon can be locked within the sediments.

The SEAO2-CDR project will address critical gaps in our technical understanding of OCDR approaches by defining the areas in which they are environmentally and economically viable. It will also help develop the frameworks needed to support the responsible and effective implementation of OCDR and support robust monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) strategies using cutting-edge sensor technologies.

Leader: NOC (UK)

Coordinator: Uniresearch (Netherlands)

Partners: University of Cambridge (UK); Heriot Watt (UK); University of Leipzig (Germany); Kiel Institute for the World Economy (Germany); University of Leiden (Netherlands); GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (Germany); Center for Social and Economic Research (Poland); Comillas Pontifical University (Spain); LUISS University (Italy); Kiel University (Germany) and the World Ocean Council (France).

Funding: Horizon Europe

EN-Funded by the EU-POS

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Strategies for the Evaluation and Assessment of Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (SEAO2-CDR)

Date:

Client:

Project duration:

Coordinator:

Karolina Zubel

Projects from this author:

Jan Bazyli Klakla

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